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Ceramic Capacitor

Ceramic capacitors are constructed with materials such as titanium acid barium used as the dielectric. Internally, these capacitors are not constructed as a coil, so they can be used in high frequency applications. Typically, they are used in circuits which bypass high frequency signals to ground. These Ceramic capacitors have the shape of a disk. Their capacitance is comparatively small, Above about the Ceramic Capacitor information content.

The Ceramic capacitor on the left is a 100pF capacitor with a diameter of about 3 mm.
The Ceramic capacitor on the right side is printed with 103, so 10 x 103pF becomes 0.01 µF. The diameter of the disk is about 6 mm.
Ceramic capacitors have no polarity. Ceramic capacitors should not be used for analog circuits, because they can distort the signal.

Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

The multilayer ceramic capacitor has a many-layered dielectric. These capacitors are small in size, and have good temperature and frequency characteristics.This capacitor is used to bypass the high frequency to ground, Above about the Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors information content.

In the photograph, the capacitance of the component on the left is displayed as 104. So, the capacitance is 10 x 104 pF = 0.1 µF. The thickness is 2 mm, the height is 3 mm, the width is 4 mm.
The Multilayer Ceramic Capacitor to the right has a capacitance of 103 (10 x 103 pF = 0.01 µF). The height is 4 mm, the diameter of the round part is 2 mm.These Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors are not polarized. That is, they have no polarity, Above about the Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors information content.

Tantalum Capacitors

Tantalum Capacitors are electrolytic capacitors that is use a material called tantalum for the electrodes. Large values of capacitance similar to aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be obtained. Also, tantalum capacitors are superior to aluminum electrolytic capacitors in temperature and frequency characteristics. When tantalum powder is baked in order to solidify it, a crack forms inside. An electric charge can be stored on this crack, Above about the Tantalum Capacitors information content.

These Tantalum Capacitors have polarity as well. Usually, the "+" symbol is used to show the positive component lead. Do not make a mistake with the polarity on these types.Tantalum Capacitors are a little bit more expensive than aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Capacitance can change with temperature as well as frequency, and these types are very stable. Therefore, tantalum capacitors are used for circuits which demand high stability in the capacitance values. Also, it is said to be common sense to use tantalum capacitors for analog signal systems, because the current-spike noise that occurs with aluminum electrolytic capacitors does not appear. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are fine if you don't use them for circuits which need the high stability characteristics of tantalum capacitors, Above about the Tantalum Capacitors information content.

Electrochemical type capacitors

Aluminum is used for the electrodes by using a thin oxidization membrane.

Large values of capacitance can be obtained in comparison with the size of the capacitor, because the dielectric used is very thin.

The most important characteristic of electrolytic capacitors is that they have polarity. They have a positive and a negative electrode.[Polarised] This means that it is very important which way round they are connected. If the capacitor is subjected to voltage exceeding its working voltage, or if it is connected with incorrect polarity, it may burst. It is extremely dangerous, because it can quite literally explode. Make absolutely no mistakes, Above about the Electrochemical type capacitors information content.

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Capacitors

The capacitor's function is to store electricity, or electrical energy.
The capacitor also functions as a filter, passing alternating current (AC), and blocking direct current (DC).

Filter capacitor

Filter capacitors are any capacitors used for filtering. Filter capacitors are common in electrical and electronic work, and cover a number of applications, such as:

• Glitch removal on dc power rails
• Radio frequency interference (RFI) removal for signal or power lines entering or leaving equipment
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Resonant capacitor

A resonant capacitor is an acoustics and electrical engineering term for a frequency resonant inductor. Although they are actually inductors, they are called capacitors because they are capable of storing significant amounts of charge (electrons) in an electrical network (circuit) whereas an inductor stores energy in a magnetic field. Resonant capacitors are typically used to introduce resonant frequencies of a given base frequency to spread signal energy over the frequency spectrum, effectively reducing the energy at the base frequency and increasing tolerance to EMI, Above about the Resonant capacitor information content.

Capacitor voltage transformer

A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step-down extra high voltage signals and provide low voltage signals either for measurement or to operate a protective relay. In its most basic form the device consists of three parts: two capacitors across which the voltage signal is split, an inductive element used to tune the device to the supply frequency and a transformer used to isolate and further step-down the voltage for the instrumentation or protective relay. The device has at least four terminals, a high-voltage terminal for connection to the high voltage signal, a ground terminal and at least one set of secondary terminals for connection to the instrumentation or protective relay. CVTs are typically single-phase devices used for measuring voltages in excess of one hundred kilovolts where the use of voltage transformers would be uneconomical. In practice the first capacitor, C₁, is often replaced by a stack of capacitors connected in series. This results in a large voltage drop across the stack of capacitors that replaced the first capacitor and a comparatively small voltage drop across the second capacitor, C₂, and hence the secondary terminals, Above about the Capacitor voltage transformer information content.

Vacuum variable capacitor

A vacuum variable capacitor uses a high vacuum as the dielectric instead of air or other insulating material. This allows for a higher voltage rating and/or capacitance value using a smaller total volume. In addition to the higher voltage rating a vacuum dielectric greatly reduces the chance of arcing between the plates. There are several different designs in vacuum variables, the most common geometry of the capacitor plates is usually inter-meshed concentric cylinders. The meshed cylinders are contained within a glass or ceramic vacuum envelope, similar to an electron tube. A metal bellows is used to maintain a vacuum seal while allowing positional control for the moving parts of the capacitor, Above about the Vacuum variable capacitor information content.

Ferroelectric capacitor

Ferroelectric capacitor is a capacitor based on a ferroelectric material. In contrast, traditional capactors are based on dielectric materials. Ferroelectric devices are used in digital electronics as part of ferroelectric RAM, or in analog electronics as tunable capacitors, Above about the Ferroelectric capacitor information content.