Quartz Crystal

High stability is the important of a Quartz Crystal in Crystal Oscillators

One of the most important features of an oscillator is its Frequency Stability, or in other words its ability to provide a constant frequency output under varying conditions. Some of the factors that affect the frequency stability of an oscillator include: temperature, variations in the load and changes in the power supply. Frequency stability of the output signal can be improved by the proper selection of the components used for the resonant feedback circuit including the amplifier but there is a limit to the stability that can be obtained from normal LC and RC tank circuits. For very high stability a quartz crystal is generally used as the frequency determining device to produce another types of oscillator circuit known generally as Crystal Oscillators.

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You know the Quartz Crystal used in Crystal Oscillators?

The Quartz Crystal used in Crystal Oscillators is a very small, thin piece or wafer of cut Quartz with the two parallel surfaces metallized to make the electrical connections. The physical size and thickness of a piece of Quartz Crystal is tightly controlled since it affects the final frequency of oscillations and is called the crystals "characteristic frequency". Then once cut and shaped the crystal can not be used at any other frequency. The crystals characteristic or resonant frequency is inversely proportional to its physical thickness between the two metallized surfaces. A mechanically vibrating crystal can be represented by an equivalent electrical circuit consisting of low Resistance, large Inductance and small Capacitance as shown below.

Quartz Crystal resonator overview

Quartz Crystal resonators are widely used within the electronics industry. They can be used in quartz crystal oscillators and crystal filters where they provide exceptionally high levels of performance. In addition to this, low cost elements with lower tolerance specifications are widely used in crystal oscillators for microprocessor board clocks where they are used as cheap resonator elements. Whatever its use a quartz crystal resonator provides an exceptionally high level of performance for the cost of its production.

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